ArcPro attribute table field calculator expression:
 
            new_field = standardize_date(!Src_Date!)
 
# ############# python script #############
 
from datetime import datetime
import re
def standardize_date(raw_date_string):
    #return re.sub('^2020/08/12$','999',raw_date_string)  # test works
    #return re.sub('\d{4}/\d{2}/\d{2}','999',raw_date_string)  # test works
 
striped_raw_date_string = raw_date_string.strip()
    
    # 1) find date format 2023-10-04
    result1 = re.findall('\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}', striped_raw_date_string)
 
# 2) find date format 31/04/2023 or 31/4/2023    
    result2 = re.findall('(0?[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])\/(0?[1-9]|1[012])\/\d{4}', striped_raw_date_string)
    
    # 3) find date format 4/3/2020 or  04/03/2020   
    result3 = re.findall('^(0?[1-9]|1[012])\/(0?[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])\/\d{4}', striped_raw_date_string)
    
    # 4) find date format 2021/11/08
    result4 = re.findall('\d{4}\/(0?[1-9]|1[012])\/(0?[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])', striped_raw_date_string)
    
    # 5) find date format 2023    
    result5 = re.findall('^\d{4}$', striped_raw_date_string)
 
 
   
    if (result1):
     date_time_obj = datetime.strptime(striped_raw_date_string, '%Y-%m-%d')   
     return date_time_obj.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")
elif (result2):
     date_time_obj = datetime.strptime(striped_raw_date_string, '%d/%m/%Y')   
     return date_time_obj.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")
    elif (result3):
     date_time_obj = datetime.strptime(striped_raw_date_string, '%m/%d/%Y')   
     return date_time_obj.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")
    elif (result4):
     date_time_obj = datetime.strptime(striped_raw_date_string, '%Y/%m/%d')   
     return date_time_obj.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")
elif (result5):
     date_time_obj = datetime.strptime(striped_raw_date_string, '%Y')   
     return date_time_obj.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")
    else: 
# empty or null set default valid date 
     date_time_obj = datetime.strptime('1900-01-01', '%Y-%m-%d')   
     return date_time_obj.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")
 
# ##### end ######## python script #############
 
############## test data ##############
 
2020
2019/10/16
2020/08/12 
31/01/2020 
2020-11-03 
05/01/2020 
04/17/2020 
2019/12/31 
2021-07-14
2019/12/04 
2010/12/16 
2021
04/03/2020 
4/30/2020
2011/07/18 
2017/06/20 
2019
2021-10-13 
2020
2021-07-14 
2021/11/08 
2021/1/8 
2020-11-03 
2021
2019/12/31
2019-12-04 
null
2020/01/04